一架巴士重量分佈係點？

一般黎講已，一架三軸巴士24噸黎計，乘客連司機所佔的重量大約6噸~8噸左右(以運輸署傾斜測試57KG計算)，
扣除呢個數字後，一副底盤仍可以負載15噸~17噸左右，究竟淨返既負載重量去左邊？
小弟就諗到以下組件係比較佔去若干重量，請問有無版友可以大概列出每樣所佔幾多？

1.底盤本身
2.車身
3.玻璃
4.冷氣
5.引擎
6.波箱
7.座椅
8.電子牌
9.扶手
10.油箱

歡迎討論

原帖由 on11358 於 2010-3-10 01:27 發表
一般黎講已，一架三軸巴士24噸黎計，乘客連司機所佔的重量大約6噸~8噸左右(以運輸署傾斜測試57KG計算)，
扣除呢個數字後，一副底盤仍可以負載15噸~17噸左右，究竟淨返既負載重量去左邊？
小弟就諗到以下組件係比較佔去若干重量，請 ...

一副引擎 ISL 睇 cummins 官網 http://www.everytime.cummins.com/assets/pdf/4103683.pdf
有約 800KG，車身左右兩旁整幅骨架連內旁板見過屯裝兩個工人托得起黎搬位，都應該幾輕量化...

原帖由 on11358 於 2010-3-9 17:27 發表
一般黎講已，一架三軸巴士24噸黎計，乘客連司機所佔的重量大約6噸~8噸左右(以運輸署傾斜測試57KG計算)，
扣除呢個數字後，一副底盤仍可以負載15噸~17噸左右，究竟淨返既負載重量去左邊？
小弟就諗到以下組件係比較佔去若干重量，請 ...

You have listed quite a lot of items already, but putting numbers around them is not quite as easy. Since I have some data on the E500, it might be a good place to start with.

HEALTH WARNING: This is an immensely boring analysis, so if you are not into numbers, I suggest you look at the answers at the bottom and move on. This is to save yourself from the boredom.

(Note: All weight values quoted are unladen weight. Definition here)

A E500 owned by First Glasgow has an unladen weight 15,200kg. The difference between it and the HK one is the latter has an extra doors and less seats (For the sake of comparison, I use a KMB ATEU here because it has a fairly similar layout. I will get into the Citybus/NWFB ones at the end). Now, I know by looking at the weight different between a Trident/ALX400 of East London and NatEx WM (similar to the E500 case, the London bus having an extra door and less seat), I can work out the ATEU should weigh about 100kg less (factoring in it has seat rests, which weigh a bit of course). This gives the ATEU's unladen weight as 15,100kg, chassis and body inclusive, and a payload (passengers and fuel) of just under 9,000kg

Going into each component is not as easy. tomchen stated the weight of the ISL engine, so that's 800kg gone. The air-cond unit, along with all the wiring and ducting, is actually very easy to work out - You need to look as far as the E400(HK), which weighs 13,660kg (from here). Comparing to a B9TL/E400 (Note, I deliberately leave the E400(UK) out of this comparison becauseit has a much smaller engine and should weight significantly less, thusdistorting the comparison. And the B9TL has a similar size engine, which should put its weight very close to the E400(HK)) that weighs around 12,200kg, the difference is 1,400kg. Another close comparison is the First's E500 against Dublin's B9TL/E500 (non-a/c), which the latter is 1,000kg lighter. On this basis, I should be confident to say the air-cond system, including the air ducts in the bodywork, weighs between 1,000-1,200kg.

With these, it get us down to about 13,000kg excluding engine and the air-cond. The rest of the bodywork, I can work this out by comparing some single and double deck equivalent like the Scania N94UB/D in London. The 10.6m single deck - with essentially the same chassis and same bodywork - weight 2,500kg less than its double deck sister. Doubling the number and scale it to 12m, the whole bodywork should weight about 6,000kg, including seats windows etc.

So what's left - 7,000kg - would be the chassis, including wheels, axle, fuel tanks, battery and so on. I don't have the knowledge to break the number down any further, but common sense shoudl tell us the chassis frame and the axle would account for the bulk of the weight.

For the bodywork, it's possible to dissect the weight to components like glass, seats etc.but I don't think I want to go that far. All I can say is, glass weight a lot, much more than we think actually. Seats also play a part to the weight as well - different types of seats, by having thicker/thinner cushion, can make an overall weight difference of up to 150kg on the same vehicle. I agree with tomchen the underframe should weight comparatively less - much less than the body panels that is.

So in summary, this is my estimated breakdown of weight on a ATEU-class E500:

Chassis (excluding engine) - 7,000kg
Bodywork (excluding air-cond fittings) - 6,100kg
Engine - 800kg
Air-cond (including bodywork fittings like air ducts) - 1,000kg
Total unladen weight = 15,100kg

I should note that, I have not accounted for things like the Roadshow system or the stop announcement system, which will add further weight to the bus. Of course, for the latest E500 12m with Citybus/NWFB, which have more seats because of the shorter staircase, I guess they should weight about 2-300kg more as well.

That concludes my analysis. Hope you are still alive, and hope it makes sense.

The following is an estimation based on very rough dimensions, hope can help:

1. Air-cond unit and associated accessories:
An non-air con 12m-long bus weigh 12000 - 13000kg.  Given that an air-conditioned counterpart weigh about 15 tons, Thus air cond unit plus accessories like airduct will weight 2000-3000kg.

For other parts that make up the 12-13ton,
given that density of steel = 7850kg/m3
density of glass = 2500kg/m3
density of aluminium = 2700kg/m3,
my estimate is as below:

2. Engine:
Dimension of engine + gear box is approximately 1m (H) x 0.6m (D) x 2.5m (H).
As the engine and gear box is massive steel block, assuming and 40% of volume is void (allow for ducting, combustion chamber, etc),
that would give 1 x 0.6 x 2.5 x 7850 x 40% = 4700kg

3. Chassis
I don't have any figures, thus assuming chassis weigh more or less the same as engine, it will be another 4700kg.

4: glass
The glass is 5-6mm thick based on observation, thus, weight of glass is 1.6 x (2.5 + 12) x 0.006 x 2500 = 350kg

5. Bodywork
Assuming bodywork excluding glass is composed of 3mm thick aluminium plate
(this estimate is very generous as the body should have been thinner and
most of them are composed of much lighter glass composites, thus I believe the figure should have included handrails, seats)

That would give: {2.9 x (2.5 + 12) + 12 x 2.5 x 3} x 0.003 x 2700 = 1070kg

Total weight of items 2-5 is 10820kg, the 1200 - 2200kg gap will be other mechanical parts and allowance of inaccuracies.

[ 本帖最後由 s3n370 於 2010-3-10 23:03 編輯 ]